Carbon Footprint Analysis of the Freight Transport Sector Using a Multi-Region Input–Output Model (MRIO) from 2000 to 2014: Evidence from Industrial Countries

Freight transportation performs a critical role in the supply networks of global economy and is heavily influenced by activities industrial manufacturing sectors, contributing significantly to their carbon footprint (CFP). This research evaluates lifecycle-based CFP emissions freight transport seven selected countries (China, Japan, United States, Canada, Brazil, Great Britain, Germany) over fifteen years, considering international trade linkages with rest world. In literature, most researchers have investigated sector general or analyzed two three countries, such as USA China. However, this novel that it examines sectors biggest countries. addition, positive relationship was found between gross domestic product (GDP), population, level urbanization, area these Therefore, study investigates CFP, GDP, country area. A total 15 stochastic model-based multi-regional input–output lifecycle assessments were built for each country, comprising 35 key industries. Statistical modeling tools used assess emissions. The results show China largest contributor freight-related while U.S. second largest. manufacture coke refined petroleum products represents dominant sector. contrast, warehousing support significant contributions Germany Britain. Land via pipelines contribute Canada’s CFP. regression analysis there variables.